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Ernest Hemingway

* 1898 in a prosperous Chicage suburb + 1961 suicid

Father:
Dr. E. C. Hemingway
prominent Chicago physician & sportsman
Ernest wrote number of tributes to his father -> short stories, hero = Nick Adams

finishing public schools
travelling to France( job on the Kansas City Star (held position only a few months) -> journalistic training marked his style for rest of career
Italy (1917-1918) ( ambulance driver on the Austrian front( fictionalized his experiences in A Farewell to Arms( was severly wounded in summer 1918 ( left with numerous scars & knee was patched with platinum cap -> retain for rest of his life
Returning to America( married( worked for Toronto Star
Return to Europe & settle in Paris (1921)( joined American expatriates -> formed a literary & artistic circle -> close attachments with Gertrude Stein, Sherwood Anderson, Ezra Pound
( period had important influence on later style
Three Stories and Ten Poems:( first book-length publication

( appeared in 1923
( emancipation from Anderson and others influenced him (Gertrude Stein, Henry James, Fod Madox Ford, James Joyce)
From 1924( traveled wildely( literary output continued at a steady rate( base = Key West (Florida), attracted him through combination of solitude and sport fishing
travel to Africa (1933-34)( hunting expeditions
Green Hills of Africa (1935):( materials from hunting expeditions
To Have and Have Not (1937)( written in the lull following the African trip
2 trips to Spain( to cover the Civil War
The Fifth Column, number of stories, For Whom the Bell Tolls( written out of experiences in Spain
Engaged in considerable political activity on behalf of the Spanish Loyalists
During 2nd Wold War( war correspondent in Europe( took an active part in the campaign in France as irregular raider
Across the River and Into the Trees (1950)( use of these war experiences
4 Marriages: ( three ended in divorce
1921: Hadley Richardson ( son John
1927: Pauline Pfeiffer ( Patrick and Gregory
1940: journalist Martha Gellhorn
1944: Mary Welsh ( met as a war correspondent in England
Home:farm, Finca Vigia, in Cuba
The Old Man and the Sea( laid in Cuba( utilizing his fishing experience( appeard in 1952( specifically mentioned in the Nobel committee’s citation
Nobel Prize for Literatureawarded in 1954

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